The same authors reported that the soil degradation is due to the physical basin properties. used the SWAT model in the Upper Sebou watershed to monitor and quantify the soil losses.Their results showed that the annual soil loss can reach a maximum value (more than 12.11 t ha −1) at the upstream of the basin and a minimum value (less than 4 t ha −1) and the siltation rate of the retention dam was estimated at 2.12 mm/year. Also, in Morocco, Boufala, M’hamed, et al. Numerous studies in the literature have used RUSLE equation and SWAT model with successful contributions (see for e.g., ). These include, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), Watershed Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP), Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution (AGNPS) model, Areal Non-point Source Watershed Environment Response Simulation (ANSWERS) model, Limburg Soil Erosion Model (LISEM), European Soil Erosion Model (EUROSEM), Soil Erosion Model for Mediterranean Regions (SEMMED), Simulator for Water Resources in Rural Basins (SWRRB), MMF (Morgan–Morgan–Finney) model, and the Hydrologic Simulation Program-FORTRAN (HSPF). Physically-based models, require a good knowledge of the physics of the hydrological processes. Empirical models are easy to be used in areas where the availability of data and parameters is limited, these include Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and its revised version Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), Modified Universal Loss Equation (USLE Modified), Erosion Potential Method (EPM), and SEdiment DElivery Distributed (SEDD) Model. These approaches are divided into empirical and physically-based models. To overcome this limitation, many different models are used and developed to quantify soil erosion. The assessment of eroded areas based on field missions monitoring is a challenging and time-consuming task because it is difficult to be applied to broad extensions. Hence, we hereby envisage that our contribution will provide a more complete understanding of the soil degradation in this study area and the results of this research could be a crucial reference in soil erosion studies and also may serve as a valuable guidance for watershed management strategies. Although the area of very low erosion and low erosion continued to decrease. Moreover, it is showed that soil erosion in the watershed was dominated by very low and low erosion. As a result of this study, it is found that both agricultural lands and bare lands are most affected by soil erosion. Due to the lack of field data, the model results are validated by expert knowledge. (ii) we based on classical statistical downscaling model (SDSM) for rainfall prediction. ![]() Therefore, the aim of this paper is: (i) to quantify and to predict soil erosion rate for the baseline period (2000–2013) and a future period (2014–2027), using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model in the R’Dom watershed in Morocco, based on the opportunities of Remote Sensing (RS) techniques and Geographical Information System (GIS) geospatial tools. Soil erosion is an increasingly issue worldwide, due to several factors including climate variations and humans’ activities, especially in Mediterranean ecosystems.
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